A cryptocurrency is a form of digital currency in that it exists purely on the internet and online.

It is also used not just as currency but as a means of exchange, a store of value, a form of technology, and has also become its own sort of culture and philosophy about how money should be used.

The blockchain is an online form of technology that serves as a public ledger to explain transactions.

The cryptocurrency only exists through a blockchain. 

A wallet is a term borrowed from regular finance. 

In cryptocurrency, a wallet is the digital representation which stores the value.

The exchange is the intermediary or the body that stands in between buyer and seller, and facilitating the transaction.

A centralized cryptocurrency exchange is an exchange where people come together to buy and sell cryptocurrency. 

A, Maintain information.

B, A centralized cryptocurrency exchange provides services including compliance, KYC and AML.

KYC is know your customer. AML is anti-money laundering.

C, Cybersecurity, auditing and recording functions.

D, Details of transactions such as what it is bought and sold, for how much and what date.

Smart contract provides public access to people that want to see the code, to see whether it exists or not and how it’s being minted.

A white paper is a term used in cryptocurrency.

It’s usually publicly available on their website, to show what the technology is, what the purpose is, what the value proposition is and why someone should purchased that cryptocurrency.

HODL stands for hold on for dear life.

It’s an expression used in the crypto culture online frequently as an expression of enthusiasm.

It’s used across all cryptocurrencies.

It’s used in both ways. When the price of cryptocurrency goes up, HODL can mean to hang on because they believe the price is going up , and not to sell early.

When the prices goes down, HODL means don’t sell off right now. Hold on because we believe this cryptocurrency has value.

It’s an expression used in the crypto community. It’s also an expression of enthusiasm.

It’s an expression of the price going up and being enthusiastic about that price going up.

A, Enthusiasm for the technology. For the enthusiasts, it has a lot of potential and current potential.It excites people that invest in it and believe in it.

B, Privacy. Cryptocurrency can be issued not from or through a bank or other intermediary. So it affords a certain level of privacy in that respect.

You can follow what’s happening on the blockchain, but there aren’t name or address involved.

If you create different types ecosystem for crypto, people from the outside can’t see what’s happening on the inside.

C, The unbanked and underbanked. An unbanked are people that don’t have bank accounts at all. There are over a billion people unbanked in the world.

Underbanked refers to people that have access to bank accounts but do not have the full sort of services of a bank account. For example, They may not be able to afford a saving account, they might not have the credit ratings to get a mortgage from their bank.

D, For cross-border remittance.Cross-border remittance through some major providers can charge 30 percent or more of what you’re sending. It’s particularly a large burden for people which might be minimum wage or less

In Ukraine, when Russia invaded, there were lots of people not able to access to ATM and also there wasn’t enough money left to be circulated around. People turned to cryptocurrency. Hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth cryptocurrency has been sent to Ukraine to help because of the banking situation there.

A custodian is the entity or representative that holds your cryptocurrency.

Custodian could be a wallet, an exchange, or some other entity that has custodial rights to your crypto.

You can’t physically hold cryptocurrency, it has to go somewhere.

It’s some party, intermediary, broker, bank, some entity that is holding your crypto and has custodial rights over it.

Stablecoins are a form of cryptocurrency that are meant to be pegged or equivalent to a one-to-one ratio.

U.S. dollar stablecoins are the most common, but stablecoins are often also pegged to the Euro.

A, When you think about holding a basket of assets, stablecoins are just another type of asset.

You might have stocks go up and down, stablecoins is not going to fluctuate.

It like a savings account with a relatively low interest rate.

B, Stablecoins are often used when you are using other cryptocurrency because of the instability in the price.

A, Compliance providers including KYC providers and AML

B, Cybersecurity

C, Outsider wallet providers

D, Auditing services

E, Code 

HDO white paper explained the stablecoin and what the value proposition for it was going to be, and what it was the time.

HDO white paper explained the stablecoin and what the value proposition for it was going to be, and what it was the time.

Etherscan is a publicly available version of the blockchain to look at the Ethereum blockchain.

Etherscan is to make observations about the tokens at blockchain including minting event.

A centralized exchange.

No. The on-chain transactions that you can view on Etherscan, that would be an on-chain transaction because it’s publicly available on the blockchain.

Internally, if there is an internal ledger, credit systems, or a tokenisation system, however the accounting is being termed or called internally, those transactions would be considered off-chain. They would not be on the public blockchain. But there would be an internal system within the centralized exchange to keep track.

A credit system is an internal system to keep track of cryptocurrency being transacted. It could have been described as an internal ledger system.

One of the largest centralized exchanges in the world does that as well, referring to Coinbase.

Yes, part of why people use a centralized exchange is because the exchange has the wallet in custody so that you don’t have to remember all the numbers, all of the transactional data. The centralized exchange does that.

The centralized exchange would be more internalising its own crypto and functions and conducting more off-chain than on-chain, but when it needed to be on-chain would be on-chain.

It expects most if the transactions to be off-chain for a closed system.

Yes.Certik, which reviewed the code, Armanio, which did the auditing, and Bingo which was the wallet custodian.

It was to eventually accept Ether and Bitcoin which were the two largest cryptocurrencies in circulation to be used instead of U.S.dollars to buy HCN and HDO.

H PAY is a way to transmit crypto, means of exchange and a payment system.

Like Venom system, you could send the coin to someone else without using or going through the exchange itself.

A run is generally when people panic and they run. It is mainly a psychological effect.

Technically the run is when people are actually running to try to take their money out and the price may plummet.

The way it’s used in traditional financial senses is people use to actually run to the banking pull their money out. Now a run can be like electronic in the crypto world. 

Everyone ran to get redemption or to try to sell it.Nw runs can happen through social media or other ways. It’s a process when everyone tries to get money back.

If you have confidence that what you’re investing in is backed and something real behind it, there isn’t an incentive to run. 

A run is usually psychological effect that happens when people run to the bank or they run to sell something.